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Keywords:
mobile backhaul, wireless backhaul, 5G base station, radio frequency, HetNet, small cells,
Distributed Antenna System, point-to-point microwave, RF-DAC
APPLICATION NOTE 6545
BACKHAUL ALTERNATIVES FOR 4G/5G
HETNET BASE STATIONS PART 2 – PTP
MICROWAVE AND BROADBAND SATELLITE
SYSTEMS
By:
Damian Anzaldo, Principal Member of Technical Staff—Field Applications, Maxim Integrated
Abstract: Seeking mobile backhaul alternatives, Wireless Service Providers (WSP) have adopted a “solution
toolbox” to meet backhaul capacity demand in 4G/5G cellular base stations. The WSP solution toolbox
includes both wired and wireless transport technologies. For many backhaul deployment scenarios, the
Service Providers recognize that wireless transport has significant advantages over wired media
alternatives. However, wireless technologies present some unique design challenges. Overcoming these
challenges requires specialized RFIC devices that can help shrink equipment size, lower operating power,
improve dynamic performance, and extend mean-time-between-failures (MTBF).
Introduction
This application note is Part 2 of two-part series that discusses wireless mobile backhaul systems deployed
in 4G and 5G heterogeneous networks (HetNets). The application notes present different equipment
categories and emerging equipment segment trends. They also discuss microwave, millimeter wave, and
sub-6GHz radio applications in small-cell and macro-cell base stations. The application notes also explore
the role of radio frequency (RF) analog integration and high-performance RF building blocks, with a focus
on point-to-point microwave systems and broadband satellite systems.
Part 1 of this series takes a look at mobile backhaul market drivers, equipment trends, and the toolbox of
different backhaul solutions deployed across cellular radio-access networks. It discusses equipment
segmentation and equipment configurations. Part 1 also presents considerations and selection criteria to
help guide the backhaul-solution decision process.
Part 2 of the series focuses on point-to-point microwave and broadband satellite systems typically used for
wireless backhauling in macro-cell and small-cell base stations. The second part discusses techniques to
improve radio-link spectral efficiency and radio lineup scenarios. Part 2 also explores the role of RF analog
integration and RF building blocks, along with relevant solutions.
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